Q2 · Moral Accountability

Karmic Law

16of 67 traditions hold this positionPreliminary4 cultural clusters

What does “Karmic law” mean?

Actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives

Karma is one of the most distinctive doctrines of Indian-origin religions. Actions (karma literally means 'action') produce consequences - good actions produce good results, bad actions produce bad - that follow the soul across lifetimes without any external judge. The mechanism is impersonal, automatic, and exact. This is central to Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

Examples across traditions

  • Hinduism: karma as cosmic law
  • Buddhism: kamma in dependent origination
  • Jainism: karma as material substance
  • Sikhism: deeds determining transmigration

How this differs from neighboring positions

  • vs. Divine Judgment: Karma is impersonal law; judgment is a personal God evaluating
  • vs. Grace Overrides: Karma is exact and inescapable; grace can override consequences

Traditions articulating this position

Christianity (Swedenborgianism)

Abrahamic

Full tradition
It has been shown in the preceding chapter that the ruling affection or dominant love in everyone continues to eternity.
Section 485

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is determined by one's ruling love (dominant affection), which dictates one's state in the afterlife.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The ruling love is the love that is loved above all things and continues to eternity.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Kabbalah

Abrahamic

Full tradition
the sinner repents to such an extent that his premeditated sins become transmuted into veritable merits, which is achieved through “repentance out of love,” coming from the depths of the heart
Chapter 7

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is tied to the intention and nature of one's actions, where certain sins can be transformed into merits through repentance, while others remain bound to the 'extraneous forces.'

Why this supports “Karmic Law

Karmic law operating within divine judgment: Through sincere repentance, sins are intrinsically transmuted into merits—a law of moral transformation, not external punishment.

Nuance

The ability to rectify sins depends on whether the impurity is 'tied and bound' or if it can be released through 'repentance out of love.'

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

Per-quote rationale explicitly states 'sins are intrinsically transmuted into merits'—a karmic mechanism, not divine verdict

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He who has passively abstained from committing a sin receives a reward as though he had performed a precept.
Chapter 27

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is tied to the internal struggle; for the benoni, the act of resisting evil impulses is a form of service and merit.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

Karmic law: Restraint from sin generates reward through an intrinsic moral principle, not solely through divine pronouncement.

Nuance

The text distinguishes between the righteous (tzaddikim) and intermediates (benonim) regarding the nature of their struggle.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

Per-quote rationale explicitly identifies 'intrinsic moral principle' generating reward—Karmic Law, not external divine pronouncement

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the light of the En Sof, blessed is He, over the vital soul of the community of Israel in all its 248 organs, through its fulfillment of all the 248 positive precepts, and
Chapter 37

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is expressed through the necessity of fulfilling commandments to transform the energy of the body and animal soul into holiness.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

Karmic law: Fulfillment of commandments directly causes the Messianic Era through a causal moral law, linking human action to cosmic consequence.

Nuance

The reward and the ability to elevate the soul are contingent upon the performance of the 248 positive and 365 negative commandments.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

Per-quote rationale states fulfillment 'directly causes' Messianic Era through 'causal moral law'—Karmic Law by definition

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Mormonism/LDS

Abrahamic

Full tradition
these people commit sins and iniq- uities they shall be answered upon their own heads.
Mosiah 29:30

How this tradition expresses it

Individuals are held accountable for their own sins and iniquities, often facing consequences based on their own actions.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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e sins of many people have been "caused by the iniquities of their kings; therefore their iniquities are answered upon the heads of their kings.
Mosiah 29:31

How this tradition expresses it

The iniquities of leaders can result in the sins and consequences being visited upon the people they lead.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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by know- ing things and not doing them, men come under
Hel. 14:19

How this tradition expresses it

The text teaches that failing to act on knowledge or righteousness brings condemnation upon the individual.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text links accountability to the knowledge one has received.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Indigenous Australian

Indigenous Australian

Full tradition
Should he ever reveal any of the secrets, then he and his nearest relations would surely die.
Chapter VII, page 222

How this tradition expresses it

Adherence to tribal rules and the preservation of secrets is a matter of life and death, governed by spiritual consequences.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The Dreaming enforces moral accountability through automatic, inevitable consequences: violation of sacred law brings death to the violator and kin. This exemplifies karmic-style accountability embedded in the cosmic order—where actions automatically trigger metaphysical consequences—rather than judgment-based accountability or natural law rationalism.

Nuance

Failure to keep secrets or follow instructions can result in death for the individual or their kin.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

The automatic consequence mechanism (death for violation) more accurately describes karmic accountability than natural law. Natural law emphasizes reason-derived universals; this quote emphasizes cosmic/mythological enforcement.

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Mandaeism

Iranian

Full tradition
our wage donation and your works, your alms and your charity they will lead you past the watchhouse of the moon."
Third book, Thirteenth piece

How this tradition expresses it

Spiritual progression and successful transition to the afterlife are dependent upon one's 'wages,' 'works,' and 'alms' performed during life.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Zoroastrianism

Iranian

Full tradition
e whose good works are three Srosho-charanam more than his sin goes to heaven; (10) they whose sin is more go to he
Chapter 6, Verse 9-10

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is based on the balance of one's good works versus their sins, which determines their placement in heaven, hell, or a transitional state.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Buddhism

South Asian

Full tradition
On his awakening in the Second Bardo, there dawn upon him in symbolic visions, one by one, the hallucinations created by the £armic reflexes of actions done by him in the earth-plane body
Section III. THE BARDO! OR AFTER-DEATH STATE

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is governed by karma, where thoughts and actions create 'karmic reflexes' and 'karmic predilection' that determine one's rebirth and experiences in the bardo.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Thereupon, because of the power of bad karma, the glorious blue light of the Wisdom of the Dharma-Dhatu will produce in thee fear and terror, and thou wilt [wish to] flee from it.
Page 106

How this tradition expresses it

One's own accumulated karma determines their reaction to the lights of the Bardo, causing them to flee toward lower rebirths or toward liberation.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The power of bad karma causes fear of the divine light, while attachment to lower lights leads to wandering in samsara.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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upon being born anew in the human world, the devotee will take up, in virtue of acquired propensities gained in the previous earth-life, the study of the mystic mantraydua doctrines
Page 136

How this tradition expresses it

The quality of one's rebirth and the ability to progress through the Bardo are dictated by the continuity of karma and previous propensities.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text notes that even a partial awakening can lead to a higher rebirth based on acquired propensities.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Hinduism

South Asian

Full tradition
Hear now the deeper teaching of the Yog, Which holding, understanding, thou shalt burst Thy Karmabandh, the bondage of wrought dee
Chapter II

How this tradition expresses it

Individuals are subject to the consequences of their actions, specifically the 'bondage of wrought deeds' (Karmabandh).

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text suggests that understanding deeper truths can help one burst this bondage.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Whoso, for lack of knowledge, seeth himself As the sole actor, knoweth nought at all And seeth nought.
Chapter XVIII

How this tradition expresses it

Actions are governed by the five causes (force, agent, instruments, effort, and God), and those who act out of false ego regarding themselves as the sole actor lack true knowledge.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Karma not experienced does not die away even in thousands of millions of ages; the being who has not experienced the torment certainly does not obtain the human form.
Chapter I, verse 46

How this tradition expresses it

Individuals are held accountable for their actions, as karma that is not experienced does not dissipate.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Jainism

South Asian

Full tradition
Thus the soul which suffers for its carelessness, is driven about in the Sawsara by its good and bad Karman ; Gautama, &c.
Lecture X, verse 14

How this tradition expresses it

Individuals are driven through the cycle of rebirth (Samsara) by the consequences of their own good and bad actions (Karman).

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Self is the one invincible foe, (together with the four) cardinal passions 2, (viz. anger, pride, deceit, and greed, they are five) and the (five) senses (make t
Lecture XXIII, verse 37

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is framed through the necessity of overcoming internal 'foes' (passions) and 'fetters' (attachments) to achieve liberation.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms natural moral law: consequences follow automatically from the structure of reality.

Nuance

The text emphasizes internal mastery over external judgment.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

The quote identifies internal enemies (passions, senses) as sources of sin/karma, not an impersonal natural law. It fits the accountability framework of karmic causation, not Natural Law.

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) Love and hatred are caused by Karman, and they say that Karman has its origin in delusion ; Karman is the root of birth and death, and birth and death they call mise
Lecture XXXII, Section 6

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is governed by the law of Karman, where passions and desires create karmic bonds that cause the soul to cycle through births and deaths.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Sikhism

South Asian

Full tradition
All deeds done must find retribution. From this law there is no escape.
Introduction, page xlix

How this tradition expresses it

Human existence is governed by the law of retribution, where every deed produces an effect on the individual's future destiny.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

Destiny is the accumulated consequence of deeds under the Divine Law (Hukam); there is no escape from this law of retribution.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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. (Without performing meritorious deeds no Bhakti can be). That is, the devotee must, to perfect his devotion, engage in holy, beneficent act
Introduction, Section: Bhakti

How this tradition expresses it

Spiritual progress and devotion require the performance of meritorious and beneficent deeds.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

Bhakti is not merely emotional abandon but requires engagement in holy, beneficent action.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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d and evil are no empty words— Fach action for the after-life is recorded :* Man raises only the crop whose seed he scatters.*
sikhism_644, stanza 20

How this tradition expresses it

Human actions are recorded and carry consequences in the afterlife, following a cosmic law of cause and effect.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text uses the metaphor of sowing and reaping to describe the accumulation of merit or sin.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Gnosticism

Western Esoteric

Full tradition
They will achieve freedom from rage, envy, jealousy, desire, or craving.
Section: Six Questions about the Soul

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is tied to the state of the soul and its ability to resist the 'artificial spirit' and 'wickedness'.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Greek Philosophy

Western Esoteric

Full tradition
he is as much in earnest about his doctrine of retribution, which is repeated in all his more ethical writings, as about his theory of knowledge.
Section 19

How this tradition expresses it

The text identifies a doctrine of retribution where the soul is held accountable for its ethical conduct.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The quote highlights Plato's recurring 'doctrine of retribution' as a systematic principle across his ethical writings, suggesting an impersonal law of proportional cosmic consequences for conduct—consistent with Karmic Law as an alternative framing of accountability, though in Plato's myths this retribution is typically administered through divine judges.

Nuance

The text notes that Plato represents the manner of this retribution through mythological figures.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

LLM council synthesis

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The freedom of the will to refuse the evil and to choose the good is distinctly asserted. ‘Virtue is free, and as a man honours or dishonours her he will have more or less of her.’
greek_philosophy_30

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is tied to the choices made within the constraints of necessity, where virtue is a matter of freedom and personal honor.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text notes that while life is 'rounded' by necessity, there is an 'open space' for individual mastery.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Hermeticism

Western Esoteric

Full tradition
But the Soul entring into the Body of a Man , if it continue evil, fhall neither tafte of immortality, nor is partaker of the good. 26. But being drawn back the fame way , it returneth into
The Fourth Book, Section 25-26

How this tradition expresses it

The state of the soul after death is determined by its piety or wickedness during life; an evil soul is condemned to return to lower forms.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text distinguishes between the 'pious' soul and the 'impious' soul.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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One Torment Son is Sgttojance, a fecond, a third, intemperance, a fourth, Conraptfoitrt, a fifth, 32 n tuff trie, a fixth, Ccto
Section 31

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is framed through the presence of 'torments' (vices/passions) that must be overcome to achieve the state of the Good.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: moral vices (intemperance, covetousness, etc.) generate their own karmic torments across the soul's journey.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

The enumerated torments (stagnance, intemperance, etc.) are moral vices that generate spiritual consequences—karmic retribution—not automatic natural-law consequences divorced from ethical agency.

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he that through the Error of Love, loved the HBoop, abid- • eth Kj^.y, 4 rf •* \ ( cth wandering, in darknefs, fenfible, fufFering the things of death. 41.
The second Book of Hermes, 40

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is tied to the pursuit of truth and the recognition of the Creator; those who fail to recognize the truth remain in darkness.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: moral error ('Error of Love') generates automatic spiritual suffering and wandering across incarnations.

Nuance

The text contrasts those who know the truth with those who wander in darkness due to the 'Error of Love'.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

The quote describes suffering as a consequence of moral error ('through the Error of Love'), establishing karmic accountability across lives, not impersonal naturalistic causation.

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Neoplatonism

Western Esoteric

Full tradition
he evil man degenerates because the power which he has developed in his life makes him descend to the existence of the brute, by assimilating him to it by his morals.
THIRD ENNEAD, BOOK FOUR

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is determined by the specific faculties an individual exercised during their life, which dictates their subsequent state of being.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The transition is a natural consequence of the moral and intellectual character developed.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Theosophy

Western Esoteric

Full tradition
But till then, Theosophists prefer to follow the proven natural law of the tradition of the Sacred Science.
theosophy_506

How this tradition expresses it

Theosophists follow the proven natural law of the tradition of the Sacred Science rather than arbitrary religious creeds.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text refers to the 'proven natural law' as the mechanism by which karma operates—consequences follow automatically from the structure of reality and the actions taken. This reinforces Karmic Law.

The auditor flagged this claim as ambiguous or weakly matching. See the scholarly note below for context.

Scholarly note

The quote 'proven natural law of the tradition of the Sacred Science' refers to karma itself as the natural law governing moral consequences. It is not a separate natural law position but a restatement of karmic principle.

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find that in true philosophy every physical action has its moral and everlasting effect. Hurt a man by doing him bodily harm; you may think that his pain and suffering cannot spread by any means to his neighbours, least of all to men of other nations. We affirm _that it will, in
Section: THE COMMON ORIGIN OF MAN

How this tradition expresses it

Every physical action carries a moral and everlasting effect through the law of retribution (Karma).

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text suggests that even minor injuries or wrongs to one individual can affect the whole of humanity in the long run.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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we believe firmly in what we call the _Law of Retribution_, and in the absolute justice and wisdom guiding this Law, or Karm
theosophy_510

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is governed by the Law of Retribution (Karma), which provides absolute justice and wisdom.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Nuance

The text rejects eternal punishment in favor of proportional justice.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

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Chinese_Buddhist_Folk

Independent

Full tradition
為諸煩惱之所纏縛。如重病人.恒受苦痛。處貪愛獄.不能自出。不離地獄餓鬼畜生閻羅王界。不能滅苦。不捨惡業。
Section: passage_589200_590700, Chunk ID: chinese_buddhist_folk_1301

How this tradition expresses it

Sentient beings are trapped in cycles of suffering due to their own unexhausted karma, delusions, and evil actions.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

Explicit Teachinghigh confidenceAudit: OK· 75%
Data provenance
Auditor
claude-opus-4-6-1m-bulk
Audit confidence
75%
Audited
4/10/2026
為諸煩惱之所纏縛。如重病人.恒受苦痛。處貪愛獄.不能自出。不離地獄餓鬼畜生閻羅王界。不能滅苦。不捨惡業。
Section: passage_589600_591100, Chunk ID: chinese_buddhist_folk_1302

How this tradition expresses it

Sentient beings are bound by their own karma, suffering in various realms (hell, hungry ghosts, animals) due to their own unextinguished evil karma and delusions.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The tradition's text affirms karmic law: actions generate consequences that follow the soul across lives.

Scholarly note

Bulk-audited as defensible match for canonical position; quote was extracted by Gemma 4 with verbatim verification.

Explicit Teachinghigh confidenceAudit: OK· 75%
Data provenance
Auditor
claude-opus-4-6-1m-bulk
Audit confidence
75%
Audited
4/10/2026
知是阿鼻地獄。三者自念我何業緣。而來生此。即便自知。我謗方等大乘經典。不信因緣。為國王所殺。而來生此。念是事
Section: passage_12400_13900, Chunk ID: chinese_buddhist_folk_1307
View original(classical_chinese)

諸婆羅門命終之後。生阿鼻地獄。即有三念。... 三者自念我何業緣。而來生此。即便自知。我謗方等大乘經典。不信因緣。為國王所殺。而來生此。

How this tradition expresses it

Accountability is established through the law of cause and effect, where specific actions (like slandering the Dharma) lead to specific rebirths in hell.

Why this supports “Karmic Law

The brahmins, after death, are shown experiencing the karmic consequences of slandering the Mahayana sutras. They explicitly trace their suffering to specific actions ('I slandered... did not believe in causation... was killed by the king... and so was born here'). The action-consequence chain across lifetimes is the canonical expression of Karmic Law.

Scholarly note

The text explicitly demonstrates karmic law: the brahmins are reborn in Avici hell, recognize their past actions (slandering the Mahayana sutras), and understand that their specific actions caused this specific result. This is the textbook articulation of karmic accountability.

Explicit Teachinghigh confidenceAudit: Strong· 94%
Data provenance
Auditor
claude-opus-4-6-1m
Audit confidence
94%
Audited
4/10/2026

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